Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers

Polyurethane elastomer (PU elastomer), also known as polyurethane rubber, is a type of elastomeric polymer material containing more carbamate groups (-NHCOO-) in the molecular chain. It is usually prepared from oligomer polyols, polyisocyanates, chain extenders/crosslinkers and a small amount of additives.

From the perspective of molecular structure, polyurethane elastomer is a block polymer. Generally, the soft segment is formed by the flexible long chain of oligomer polyol, and the hard segment is formed by diisocyanate and chain extender. The hard segment and the soft segment are arranged alternately. form repeating structural units. In addition to containing urethane groups, hydrogen bonds can be formed within and between polyurethane molecules, and the soft and hard segments can form microphase regions and produce microscopic phase separation. These structural characteristics make polyurethane elastomers have excellent wear resistance and toughness, and are known as "wear-resistant rubber".

Polyurethane elastomer has excellent comprehensive properties, and its modulus is between general rubber and plastic. It has the following characteristics:

1. High strength and elasticity, can maintain high elasticity in a wide range of hardness (shore A) (Shore A10 ~ Shore D75);

2. Under the same hardness, it has higher bearing capacity than other elastomers;

3. Excellent wear resistance, its wear resistance is 2 to 10 times that of natural rubber;

4. Excellent oil resistance and chemical resistance; aromatic polyurethane radiation resistance; excellent oxygen resistance and ozone resistance; good fatigue resistance and vibration resistance, suitable for high-frequency flexural applications;

5. High impact resistance; good low temperature flexibility; generally no plasticizer can be used to achieve the required low hardness, so there is no problem caused by plasticizer migration;

6. Ordinary polyurethane cannot be used above 100 ℃, but it can withstand high temperature of 140 ℃ with special formula; molding and processing costs are low.

Compared with metal materials, polyurethane elastomer products have the advantages of light weight, low noise, wear resistance, low processing cost and corrosion resistance; compared with plastics, polyurethane elastomer has the advantages of non-brittleness, elastic memory, and wear resistance. Compared with rubber, polyurethane elastomers have the advantages of abrasion resistance, cut resistance, tear resistance, high load-carrying capacity, transparent or translucent, ozone resistance, potting, pouring, and a wide range of hardness. Polyurethane elastomers have various processing methods, new technologies and new varieties are constantly emerging, and their application prospects will be very broad.

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