In scientific terms, polyurethane is a polymeric material containing (-NH-CO-O-) produced by the reaction of polyols with an isocyanate.
Put simply, polyurethanes are materials that offer a dynamic range of properties that can be tailored to an extraordinarily wide range of applications.
Cost Efficiency
Tooling for casting polyurethane parts is very economical, costing significantly less than molds for rubber or plastic. Polyurethane parts typically provide a substantial increase in product life over other materials, which translates to a better overall value.
Machinability
Polyurethanes can be machined with traditional tools, making polyurethane
an economical choice for low production runs or prototype parts.
Bonding
Through proper treatment of the bonding surface, a high strength bond can be achieved to metals, polyurethanes and other substrates. In some cases, the bond strength can exceed the tear strength of the polyurethane itself.
Durometer
Durometer is the measurement of a material's hardness. Polyurethanes range from 10 Shore A, about as soft as a rubber band, to 80 Shore D, about as hard as a bowling ball.
Abrasion Resistance
Reflects the ability to resist frictional wear. Generally, polyurethane exhibits excellent abrasion resistance, offering substantially better performance than rubber, plastic and many metals.
Tensile Strength
The measure of an elastomer's ultimate strength when enough tension is applied to cause failure. Generally, polyurethane exhibits a high tensile strength when compared to other elastomers.
Tear Strength
Reflects the resistance to tearing when tension is applied to a test specimen. Tear strength, along with tensile strength, is critical in predicting an elastomer's working strength in demanding, abusive applications.
Temperature Resistance
Polyurethanes operate within a wide temperature range. Some elastomer formulations can retain their flexibility at temperatures below -60°F, while others can operate continually at temperatures in excess of 200°F.
Water Resistance
Polyurethanes can be formulated to resist the absorption of water. In fact, weight and swell are practically negligible even after prolonged exposure. This makes polyurethane an excellent choice for applications in which tight tolerances must be maintained in wet conditions.
Atmospheric Resistance
Polyurethanes are nearly completely resistant to oxygen and ozone and will show no noticeable degradation even after hundreds of hours of exposure. In addition, polyurethanes do not support the growth of fungus, mold or mildew caused by prolonged exposure in humid climates.
Chemical Resistance
Polyurethanes display excellent resistance to oil, grease and a wide range of chemicals; however, prolonged exposure to caustic acids, solvents and other heavy corrosives should be avoided. Simulated environmental testing should be performed to ensure part life.
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