The History of Polyurethane

The History of Polyurethane

  Polyurethane chemistry was first studied by the German chemist, Friedrich Bayer in 1937. He produced early prototypes by reacting toluene diisocyanate reacted with dihydric alcohols. From this work one of the first crystalline polyurethane fibers, Perlon U, was developed. The development of elastic polyurethanes began as a program to find a replacement for rubber during the days of World War II. In 1940, the first polyurethane elastomers were produced. These compounds gave millable gums that could be used as an adequate alternative to rubber. When scientists found that polyurethanes could be made into fine threads, they were combined with nylon to make more lightweight, stretchable garments.

  In 1953, the first commercial production of a flexible polyurethane foam was begun in the United States. This material was useful for foam insulation. In 1956, more flexible, less expensive foams were introduced. During the late 1950s, moldable polyurethanes were produced. Over the years, improved polyurethane polymers have been developed including Spandex fibers, polyurethane coatings, and thermoplastic elastomers.